Indirect Violation of CP, T and CPT in the Bd-system

The problem of indirect violation of discrete symmeties CP, T and CPT in a neutral meson system can be described using two complex parameters epsilon and delta, which are invariant under rephasing of meson and quark fields. For the Bd system, where the width difference between the physical states is negligible, only Re(delta) and Im(epsilon) survive. As a consequence, the traditional observables constructed for kaons, which are based on flavour tag, are not useful for the analogous study in this system. We describe how using a CP tag and studying CP-to-flavour transitions of the B mesons, we may build asymmetries, alternative to those used for the kaon, which enable us to test T and CPT invariances of the effective hamiltonian for the Bd system.Comment: 5 pages, talk given at 4th International Conference on Hyperons, Charm and Beauty Hadrons, Valencia, Spain, 27-30 Jun 200

Studying Indirect Violation of CP, T and CPT in a B-factory

In this work we analyze the observable asymmetries one can build from entangled B-meson states, in order to extract information on the parameters epsilon and delta which govern indirect violation of discrete symmetries. The traditionally proposed observables, based on flavour tags, are not helpful for the study of the Bd-system, where the tiny value of the width difference between physical states clears up such asymmetry effects. Our study makes instead use of CP tags in order to build new asymmetries where the different parameters can be separated out. For this separation, it is decisive to achieve a good time resolution in the measurement of entangled state decays. Nevertheless, even with no temporal information, as would be the case in a symmetric factory, it is still possible to extract some information on the symmetries of the system. We discuss both genuine and non-genuine observables, depending on whether absorptive parts can mimic or not asymmetry effects.Comment: 18 pages, to appear in Nucl. Phys B; some minor corrections inluded, additional discussion added to some sections, references complete

CP and T violation in neutrino oscillations

The conditions to induce appreciable CP-and T-odd effects in neutrino oscillations are discussed. The propagation in matter leads to fake CP-and CPT-odd asymmetries, besides a Bohm-Aharonov type modification of the interference pattern. We study the separation of fake and genuine CP violation by means of energy and distance dependence.Comment: To appear in the Proceedings of TAUP 99 Worksho

Limit theorem for a time-dependent coined quantum walk on the line

We study time-dependent discrete-time quantum walks on the one-dimensional lattice. We compute the limit distribution of a two-period quantum walk defined by two orthogonal matrices. For the symmetric case, the distribution is determined by one of two matrices. Moreover, limit theorems for two special cases are presented

Medium effects for terrestrial and atmospheric neutrino oscillations

Matter effects in neutrino propagation translate into effective parameters for the oscillation and fake CP- and CPT-odd quantities, even in a scenario, such as $\Delta_{12}=0$, where no genuine CP violation is present. This fact seems to impose severe restrictions on the determination of intrinsic parameters of the system from long-baseline experiments. We show, however, that the resonance in the effective mixing $\tilde{\theta}_{13}$ can be observed for a certain range of baselines. This provides a way to measure the vacuum mixing angle $\theta_{13}$ and the sign of $\Delta m_{23}^2$ from atmospheric neutrinos, using a detector with energy resolution and charge discrimination.Comment: 13 pages with 5 figure

Electromagnetic Decays of Heavy Baryons

The electromagnetic decays of the ground state baryon multiplets with one heavy quark are calculated using Heavy Hadron Chiral Perturbation Theory. The M1 and E2 amplitudes for S^{*}--> S gamma, S^{*} --> T gamma and S --> T gamma are separately computed. All M1 transitions are calculated up to O(1/Lambda_chi^2). The E2 amplitudes contribute at the same order for S^{*}--> S gamma, while for S^{*} --> T gamma they first appear at O(1/(m_Q \Lambda_\chi^2)) and for S --> T gamma are completely negligible. The renormalization of the chiral loops is discussed and relations among different decay amplitudes are derived. We find that chiral loops involving electromagnetic interactions of the light pseudoscalar mesons provide a sizable enhancement of these decay widths. Furthermore, we obtain an absolute prediction for the widths of Xi^{0'(*)}_c--> Xi^{0}_c gamma and Xi^{-'(*)}_b--> Xi^{-}_b gamma. Our results are compared to other estimates existing in the literature.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Neutral-Current Atmospheric Neutrino Flux Measurement Using Neutrino-Proton Elastic Scattering in Super-Kamiokande

Recent results show that atmospheric $\nu_\mu$ oscillate with $\delta m^2 \simeq 3 \times 10^{-3}$ eV$^2$ and $\sin^2{2\theta_{atm}} \simeq 1$, and that conversion into $\nu_e$ is strongly disfavored. The Super-Kamiokande (SK) collaboration, using a combination of three techniques, reports that their data favor $\nu_\mu \to \nu_\tau$ over $\nu_\mu \to \nu_{sterile}$. This distinction is extremely important for both four-neutrino models and cosmology. We propose that neutrino-proton elastic scattering ($\nu + p \to \nu + p$) in water \v{C}erenkov detectors can also distinguish between active and sterile oscillations. This was not previously recognized as a useful channel since only about 2% of struck protons are above the \v{C}erenkov threshold. Nevertheless, in the present SK data there should be about 40 identifiable events. We show that these events have unique particle identification characteristics, point in the direction of the incoming neutrinos, and correspond to a narrow range of neutrino energies (1-3 GeV, oscillating near the horizon). This channel will be particularly important in Hyper-Kamiokande, with $\sim 40$ times higher rate. Our results have other important applications. First, for a similarly small fraction of atmospheric neutrino quasielastic events, the proton is relativistic. This uniquely selects $\nu_\mu$ (not $\bar{\nu}_\mu$) events, useful for understanding matter effects, and allows determination of the neutrino energy and direction, useful for the $L/E$ dependence of oscillations. Second, using accelerator neutrinos, both elastic and quasielastic events with relativistic protons can be seen in the K2K 1-kton near detector and MiniBooNE.Comment: 10 pages RevTeX, 8 figure

Extrinsic CPT Violation in Neutrino Oscillations in Matter

We investigate matter-induced (or extrinsic) CPT violation effects in neutrino oscillations in matter. Especially, we present approximate analytical formulas for the CPT-violating probability differences for three flavor neutrino oscillations in matter with an arbitrary matter density profile. Note that we assume that the CPT invariance theorem holds, which means that the CPT violation effects arise entirely because of the presence of matter. As special cases of matter density profiles, we consider constant and step-function matter density profiles, which are relevant for neutrino oscillation physics in accelerator and reactor long baseline experiments as well as neutrino factories. Finally, the implications of extrinsic CPT violation on neutrino oscillations in matter for several past, present, and future long baseline experiments are estimated.Comment: 47 pages, 7 figures, RevTeX4. Final version to be published in Phys. Rev.

Quantum walks: a comprehensive review

Quantum walks, the quantum mechanical counterpart of classical random walks, is an advanced tool for building quantum algorithms that has been recently shown to constitute a universal model of quantum computation. Quantum walks is now a solid field of research of quantum computation full of exciting open problems for physicists, computer scientists, mathematicians and engineers. In this paper we review theoretical advances on the foundations of both discrete- and continuous-time quantum walks, together with the role that randomness plays in quantum walks, the connections between the mathematical models of coined discrete quantum walks and continuous quantum walks, the quantumness of quantum walks, a summary of papers published on discrete quantum walks and entanglement as well as a succinct review of experimental proposals and realizations of discrete-time quantum walks. Furthermore, we have reviewed several algorithms based on both discrete- and continuous-time quantum walks as well as a most important result: the computational universality of both continuous- and discrete- time quantum walks.Comment: Paper accepted for publication in Quantum Information Processing Journa